Rare no man - 1. Don't just look underground - sometimes they spawn above ground - near terrain that would indicate a cave. 2. Search for different biomes in which the caves exist. Sometimes you can see by looking at the cave floor that this cave will be different from those you've already explored.

 
Artifact is a product. Artifacts aka Relics are procedurally generated products that can be received from various activities throughout the gameplay. They have no additional purpose beside selling them at Galactic Trade Terminals or to NPCs. The Artifact Research project welcomes any discovery to be documented. The Artifact Exchange Vault can be used at Colossal Archive buildings to exchange ... . Disco songs of the 80

Transmission Towers. Using a Transmission Tower is the simplest way to find a Crashed Ship. These towers are POIs located randomly on planets. Inside each tower is a puzzle where you have to enter an access code. This will ping the distress beacon of any nearby Crashed Ship or Crashed Freighter.Apr 26, 2023 · No Man’s Sky – Atlas Path, Nada and Polo, Atlas Pass V1, V2, V3, fastest way to the center. No Man’s Sky – Locations of the elements, rare raw materials and alloys. No Man’s Sky: Scan and feed animals and creatures. No Man’s Sky – find, scan and feed animals. No Man’s Sky – Earn units quickly, farm money and get better spaceships. Join the intergalactic neighbourhood. Join one of the thriving community Galactic Hubs, where you and like-minded travellers can create a new frontier. Check out the Galactic Atlas. No Man’s Sky is continuously evolving with major updates which grow and expand the universe with new ways to play.Nov 19, 2014 · Here are five rare types of men you would be extremely lucky to meet: 1. The Man Who Is Not Shallow. This man is looking for something beyond looks. This man notices a woman with depth, drive ... Historical Document is a type of Artifact. Historical Document is one of several types of Artifacts and it is a reward for opening Large Artifact Crates found in Ancient Ruins, completing missions, from containers found on Derelict Freighters, or completing exploration type expeditions with frigates. These are the possible game descriptions for Historical Document. One of the following is ...Go to glitched planets. Only 1 species, usually easy to find. The last rare underwater creature is usually one of those big ones found in the open ocean. Could also be one of the disappearing crabs near the shoreline. For underground, the best strategy I've found is to stick near one of the larger cave openings and reload. Extinction is the termination of a species. Extinction is the termination of a previously existing species. While extinction can happen to any species of flora or fauna, it is of primary interest in No Man's Sky when it happens to creatures. Extinction normally happens after a major update which resets the universe, but can sometimes happen on a smaller scale to select species after smaller ... How to Find Best 5 Fighters S Class For Free No Man's Sky 2022in this video i will show you how to get Best 5 Fighters S Class for free in no mans sky endura...Delicate Flora is an artifact in No Man’s Sky contained in the update called, Frontiers. The five rarest delicate flora are Lost Mistfruit Sprouts, Fresh Honeypalm Clippings, Thiefthorn Tubers, Hybrid Swampflex Tubers, and Toxic Lureparsley Clippings. The most valuable of these sells for 2.291723 million units in trade.Star Systems Guide – 4 Unique Systems. There are (atleast) four Star System types in No Man’s Sky.These types are based on the real-life spectral class process of identifying stars based on ...Sep 14, 2022 · How to Find Best 5 Fighters S Class For Free No Man's Sky 2022in this video i will show you how to get Best 5 Fighters S Class for free in no mans sky endura... Rate underground fauna are the absolute hardest to locate in my experience. You are best off looking for building sites that intersect a cave, providing a large "outside" cave area. That seems to be where they like to spawn. Good luck. JamesAndrews1313 2 yr. ago.Exotic elements. These can be found in crystals in caves, but the best way to get them is by mining asteroids out in space. Platinum and Gold in particular can be found more commonly in large ...Go to different bodies of water. The big ones like the deeper open water but you don't have to be deep to see them as they are usually in the upper half hunting the other fish. It might also be a crab which is usually found in a shallower water near the shorelines or the coasts of islands. oxysplatter • 3 yr. ago.Escrito originalmente por Ade: the rarest ship in the game is an S grade Explorer, there arn't any. If that's the case, then the rarest ship is a banana split with a cherry on top because there are none in the game. If a ship is not in the game, it's not rare. 2009 has been the one of the best years ever for Star Trek on home video, with the next release being the the 2009 Star Trek movie on Blu-ray and DVD next week. However, the final release of the ...Delicate Flora (FARM) is a type of Artifact. Delicate Flora (FARM) is one of several types of Artifacts and it is a reward for opening Large Artifact Crates found in Ancient Ruins, completing missions, completing exploration type expeditions with frigate, or completing a daily task given by the Farmer. A genetically engineered plant, ready for propagation. Sample appears to have X mutated ... Planetary Anomaly Detected// Sentinel Sun. After suffering from depression and trying to find anything that was genuinely engaging and fun, I tried this game on a whim and have sank over 75 hours in it in just over a month. Absolutely breathtaking. Here are some of my favorite screenshots. Historical Document is a type of Artifact. Historical Document is one of several types of Artifacts and it is a reward for opening Large Artifact Crates found in Ancient Ruins, completing missions, from containers found on Derelict Freighters, or completing exploration type expeditions with frigates. These are the possible game descriptions for Historical Document. One of the following is ...Aug 8, 2022 · Credit:Redditu/LawrenceOnKeboardu/Scotty300872u/Mojenaru/Jensen_EJoin this channel to get access to perks:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJAyNFlzJDkU4ebLXT... Jul 30, 2018 · Hyperdrive upgrades. Specifically, you need the Cadmium, Emeril, and Indium Hyperdrives (before the No Man’s Sky Next update, these upgrades were called Warp Reactor Sigma, Tau, and Theta ... The Waypoint 4.0 update to No Man’s Sky expands upon the already vast universe for us to explore, but an important change that may not be immediately noticed is a new source of materials. Rare ... Space Encounters are a type of game event. Space encounters are just that - unusual encounters that occur while pulsing in space. The objective of this page is to define a space encounter and list each encounter in a categorized table. Links will be provided leading to the individual pages for each encounter as more information is made available. The following quotes are extracted from the ... Go to different bodies of water. The big ones like the deeper open water but you don't have to be deep to see them as they are usually in the upper half hunting the other fish. It might also be a crab which is usually found in a shallower water near the shorelines or the coasts of islands. oxysplatter • 3 yr. ago. Aug 8, 2021 · Henry Swanson Aug 8, 2021 @ 1:16pm. Impossible to find that last fauna. Rare, always active, underground. I've literally visited hundreds of caves, scanned everything, let friends join my game to help me look for it, no luck. I've visited other planets and was easily able to find all the underground creatures there, but not on my home planet. No-Man are an English art pop duo, formed in 1987 as No Man Is an Island (Except the Isle of Man) by singer Tim Bowness and multi-instrumentalist Steven Wilson. The band has so far produced seven studio albums and a number of singles/outtakes collections (most notably, 2006's career retrospective, All the Blue Changes ). Launch the game. Alt tab out and launch the save editor. Select the save you want to edit. Click on the "Ships" tab. Paste the ship seed you want into the "Seed" field. Go back to the "Main" tab and click on "Save Changes". Alt tab back into the game, hit ESC and click on "Reload Autosave".2009 has been the one of the best years ever for Star Trek on home video, with the next release being the the 2009 Star Trek movie on Blu-ray and DVD next week. However, the final release of the ...Exotic elements. These can be found in crystals in caves, but the best way to get them is by mining asteroids out in space. Platinum and Gold in particular can be found more commonly in large ...Weaver Sep 7, 2022 @ 11:49pm. Squid ships are the only real rare exotic type. Regular exotics physical look have no effect on their stats. Once upon a time with the regular classes of ships (shuttles, fighters, explorers, haulers) physical characteristics determined maximum slots, but now they only effect starting slots.Oceanic - a planet which is mostly (80% or more) composed of water with occasional rare islands. Dead and Exotic biomes will always be pangean when the celestial body is a planet. All other planetary biomes will feature other terrain in a procedurally generated manner. All moons will be pangean regardless of the biome. For scarcely for a righteous man will one die: yet peradventure for a good man some would even dare to die. scarcely. John 15:13 Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends. 1 John 3:16 Hereby perceive we the love of God, because he laid down his life for us: and we ought to lay down our lives for the ... The Waypoint 4.0 update to No Man’s Sky expands upon the already vast universe for us to explore, but an important change that may not be immediately noticed is a new source of materials. Rare ...Sep 13, 2021 · Updated Sep 13, 2021 No Man's Sky's Exotic S-Class ships are highly sought after, but they are not easy to find. Here are some great ships and their locations. Those who play No Man's Sky... Freighter Types is a starship details page. Freighter Types describes the various classes of Freighter starships. Note that these names are commonly used by the No Man's Sky community, and are not official descriptions from the game itself. For a description of Freighters in general, refer to the Freighter page. For a list of discovered freighters, refer to the Starship Catalogue - Freighter ...May 3, 2022 · 1. Don't just look underground - sometimes they spawn above ground - near terrain that would indicate a cave. 2. Search for different biomes in which the caves exist. Sometimes you can see by looking at the cave floor that this cave will be different from those you've already explored. No Man’s Sky – Atlas Path, Nada and Polo, Atlas Pass V1, V2, V3, fastest way to the center. No Man’s Sky – Locations of the elements, rare raw materials and alloys. No Man’s Sky: Scan and feed animals and creatures. No Man’s Sky – find, scan and feed animals. No Man’s Sky – Earn units quickly, farm money and get better spaceships.Escrito originalmente por Ade: the rarest ship in the game is an S grade Explorer, there arn't any. If that's the case, then the rarest ship is a banana split with a cherry on top because there are none in the game. If a ship is not in the game, it's not rare.Rarest Exotic Ship in the game! -- Yellow/Gold "GUPPY" w/ Cowled Rear Thruster. -- Finally captured on 09/18/18 in the Eissentam Galaxy. A Screenshot of No Man's Sky. By: goldengoose7. The incredibly rare Yellow/Gold "GUPPY" with a Cowled Rear Thruster. I had been hunting this ship down for 13 months and finally found it for the first time in ...You will usually find it in less than 5 minutes. #1. b1vantage Jul 27, 2020 @ 2:04pm. Find an ocean ,not a pond or lake. Preferably and Island in deep water. Pick a direction and star swimming until they show up. #2. Colossal Sprout Jul 27, 2020 @ 2:05pm. Originally posted by wizard_of_woz:May 3, 2022 · 1. Don't just look underground - sometimes they spawn above ground - near terrain that would indicate a cave. 2. Search for different biomes in which the caves exist. Sometimes you can see by looking at the cave floor that this cave will be different from those you've already explored. The Waypoint 4.0 update to No Man’s Sky expands upon the already vast universe for us to explore, but an important change that may not be immediately noticed is a new source of materials. Rare ... No-Man are an English art pop duo, formed in 1987 as No Man Is an Island (Except the Isle of Man) by singer Tim Bowness and multi-instrumentalist Steven Wilson. The band has so far produced seven studio albums and a number of singles/outtakes collections (most notably, 2006's career retrospective, All the Blue Changes ). Meanwhile, O and B class stars go through all of their silicon in 1 day. That fast. O, B, and A class stars only last for a handful of a million years, where Red/Brown dwarfs can last for hundreds of billions to trillions of years. For reference, the universe is only 13.8 billion years old. Also could be wrong, but I think brown dwarfs aren’t ... May 13, 2020 · At the age of 25, he was diagnosed with Castleman disease, a rare, deadly illness with no known cure. After nearly dying in the hospital several times, Fajgenbaum set out to try and find his own ... Oct 2, 2021 · Lyrancat Oct 2, 2021 @ 1:10pm. Finding those rare multi-tools especially "alien" types are a 'hit or miss". Of all the hours I've played this game, I never came across one until recently in a case in the same starter system of Expedition 3. It was a "alien" A class. Minnie Oct 5, 2020 @ 6:04am. you have a much better chance of seeing said fauna just camping entrances to caves in my experience. #3. cerepuka Oct 5, 2020 @ 6:23am. The best way to find last creature in a caves is to find cave on mountains. When you would come there just walk here and there and it will spawn.Aug 31, 2018 · LIMITED EDITION SOLID BRASS NO MAN'S SKY SPACESHIPS https://topgamez.info/Best S Class starship ship in No Man’s Sky Next TOP10 The rarest and most amazing... BigGrayGolem Sep 4, 2022 @ 6:17am. They certainly appear rare to me. After encountering probably ~ 30 or more sentinel towers, I finally found one with a royal tool. I grabbed it, but TBH, it's just sort of cosmetic. I'm not thrilled that they look like little exotic ships, which seems a little on-the-nose.Almost the exact opposite of Lush planets, Barren Biomes are largely desert planets. They have very little water, so their plant and animal resources will be limited. They tend to have rocky ...The rarest thing in the game is crashed Squid exotic - it even seems easier to discover a new system called by your own full name than to find a fallen Squid. #10. tattmann Oct 4, 2022 @ 2:40pm. I have been playing since the beginning of nms, and over the years, I have found maybe 5 crashed exotics to fix.Rarest Exotic Ship in the game! -- Yellow/Gold "GUPPY" w/ Cowled Rear Thruster. -- Finally captured on 09/18/18 in the Eissentam Galaxy. A Screenshot of No Man's Sky. By: goldengoose7. The incredibly rare Yellow/Gold "GUPPY" with a Cowled Rear Thruster. I had been hunting this ship down for 13 months and finally found it for the first time in ...No Man’s Sky – Atlas Path, Nada and Polo, Atlas Pass V1, V2, V3, fastest way to the center. No Man’s Sky – Locations of the elements, rare raw materials and alloys. No Man’s Sky: Scan and feed animals and creatures. No Man’s Sky – find, scan and feed animals. No Man’s Sky – Earn units quickly, farm money and get better spaceships.Aug 28, 2019 · Salvage modules are basically like the ancient bones (except I think they are worth more, not 100% sure). If the planet has them it’ll be the same yellow icon as the bones. Thanks, I'll be on the look out for those. Generally, the time it takes to find the best price, is just lost time finding more stuff to sell. Artifact is a product. Artifacts aka Relics are procedurally generated products that can be received from various activities throughout the gameplay. They have no additional purpose beside selling them at Galactic Trade Terminals or to NPCs. The Artifact Research project welcomes any discovery to be documented. The Artifact Exchange Vault can be used at Colossal Archive buildings to exchange ... Rate underground fauna are the absolute hardest to locate in my experience. You are best off looking for building sites that intersect a cave, providing a large "outside" cave area. That seems to be where they like to spawn. Good luck. JamesAndrews1313 2 yr. ago.Incognit0Bandit0 • 2 yr. ago. If you look at the item information window (in vr you just hover over the item in your inventory, not sure in 2d but I'd assume hover mouse?), you will see it says what the item can be used for - things like crafting, building. If it says trading, and ONLY trading, then it's only use is to sell for money.Historical Document is a type of Artifact. Historical Document is one of several types of Artifacts and it is a reward for opening Large Artifact Crates found in Ancient Ruins, completing missions, from containers found on Derelict Freighters, or completing exploration type expeditions with frigates. These are the possible game descriptions for Historical Document. One of the following is ... Extinction is the termination of a species. Extinction is the termination of a previously existing species. While extinction can happen to any species of flora or fauna, it is of primary interest in No Man's Sky when it happens to creatures. Extinction normally happens after a major update which resets the universe, but can sometimes happen on a smaller scale to select species after smaller ...Join the intergalactic neighbourhood. Join one of the thriving community Galactic Hubs, where you and like-minded travellers can create a new frontier. Check out the Galactic Atlas. No Man’s Sky is continuously evolving with major updates which grow and expand the universe with new ways to play.Currently, I would say lush planets with exotic style weather seem rare but possible. If you combine this with the other things a lot of people look for you could say a lush planet with thick and deep green grasses, blue sky, blue/green water. a mixture of matching and contrasting flora, butterflies or beetles and at least one type of elusive charismatic mega fauna like diplos, triceratops ... The following is a list of various Exotic-Archetype starships discovered by different players during the Echoes through current eras. (For a list of all ship types, refer to the Starship Catalogue) All exotic ships are part of the S-class and will have top tier bonus values in all three categories. Their values range between 35-50% DMG, 55-60% Shield and 50-65% Hyperdrive range. Since the ... Apr 19, 2023 · Have you ever thought to yourself, I wonder what the rarest things you can see in No Mans Sky are? Or what are the rarest star ships or what are rarest and m... 13 Unearthed Treasure. The Artifact Database offers insight for all Artifacts discovered after the Visions update. The pages of each artifact type only list the Top 5 discoveries per rarity. In order to qualify, a screenshot of the information panel shall be provided. Important: If you wish to share your discovery, please go to the Artifact ... Apr 19, 2023 · Have you ever thought to yourself, I wonder what the rarest things you can see in No Mans Sky are? Or what are the rarest star ships or what are rarest and m... Life should be more RARE. its like 95% of planets have life fauna and flora, i dont want it to be realistic but at least make it 50% or less chance to find life it would be way more rewarding and bigger impact. Or more uneven. No life on most, but for some, and if lucky enough, up to 50-100 species. They'd have to work on a better algo to avoid ...Credit:Redditu/LawrenceOnKeboardu/Scotty300872u/Mojenaru/Jensen_EJoin this channel to get access to perks:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJAyNFlzJDkU4ebLXT...The following is a list of various Exotic-Archetype starships discovered by different players during the Echoes through current eras. (For a list of all ship types, refer to the Starship Catalogue) All exotic ships are part of the S-class and will have top tier bonus values in all three categories. Their values range between 35-50% DMG, 55-60% Shield and 50-65% Hyperdrive range. Since the ... Excavated Bones is a type of Artifact. Excavated Bones is one of several types of Artifacts and it is a reward for interacting with Ancient Bones found at Natural Burial Site‎‎s. These are the possible game descriptions for Excavated Bones. One of the following is randomly chosen when an artifact is procedurally generated. The sequence is taken from the game file. Approximately XXX years ... Start walking around, mine a little, scan some flora, mine a little more, go from one edge to another and suddenly, it will show on the scanner screen. Already scanned lots of underground (even saw a giant worm) rare fauna this way. It takes some 5-10 minutes for them to spawn, keep walking thru the tunnels while. #14.Sep 30, 2020 · Diplos are extremely hard to come by in No Man’s Sky. The long-necked dinosaur creature is one of the rarest aliens in the game, with a reported encounter chance of only .25%. The Waypoint 4.0 update to No Man’s Sky expands upon the already vast universe for us to explore, but an important change that may not be immediately noticed is a new source of materials. Rare ...Jan 12, 2018 · Answers: Take elements from vault – You’ll get about 100 Heridium, but you’ll lose Korvax reputation. Place rare oxides in vault (50 Titanium) – You’ll receive some Korvax reputation and a blueprint. Place rare silicates in vault (50 Chrysonite) – This option does nothing. 7. Dec 1, 2021 · Delicate Flora is an artifact in No Man’s Sky contained in the update called, Frontiers. The five rarest delicate flora are Lost Mistfruit Sprouts, Fresh Honeypalm Clippings, Thiefthorn Tubers, Hybrid Swampflex Tubers, and Toxic Lureparsley Clippings. The most valuable of these sells for 2.291723 million units in trade. Go to different bodies of water. The big ones like the deeper open water but you don't have to be deep to see them as they are usually in the upper half hunting the other fish. It might also be a crab which is usually found in a shallower water near the shorelines or the coasts of islands. oxysplatter • 3 yr. ago. Currently, I would say lush planets with exotic style weather seem rare but possible. If you combine this with the other things a lot of people look for you could say a lush planet with thick and deep green grasses, blue sky, blue/green water. a mixture of matching and contrasting flora, butterflies or beetles and at least one type of elusive charismatic mega fauna like diplos, triceratops ... Planetary Anomaly Detected// Sentinel Sun. After suffering from depression and trying to find anything that was genuinely engaging and fun, I tried this game on a whim and have sank over 75 hours in it in just over a month. Absolutely breathtaking. Here are some of my favorite screenshots. The Waypoint 4.0 update to No Man’s Sky expands upon the already vast universe for us to explore, but an important change that may not be immediately noticed is a new source of materials. Rare ... Museyci is not like many other planets in No Man’s Sky.You won’t find plants or animals there. You won’t even find mountains or oceans. Just an endless stretch of hexagonal metal, and giant ...Historical Document is a type of Artifact. Historical Document is one of several types of Artifacts and it is a reward for opening Large Artifact Crates found in Ancient Ruins, completing missions, from containers found on Derelict Freighters, or completing exploration type expeditions with frigates. These are the possible game descriptions for Historical Document. One of the following is ... Oceanic - a planet which is mostly (80% or more) composed of water with occasional rare islands. Dead and Exotic biomes will always be pangean when the celestial body is a planet. All other planetary biomes will feature other terrain in a procedurally generated manner. All moons will be pangean regardless of the biome.

Diplos are extremely hard to come by in No Man’s Sky. The long-necked dinosaur creature is one of the rarest aliens in the game, with a reported encounter chance of only .25%.. Inventory of charlie

rare no man

Resources are the primary materials for multi-tool, starship, exosuit and exocraft upgrades, as well as base building. Resources in No Man's Sky are organized as Raw Materials in the in-game Guide based on type. When resources are mined, they are broken down into their chemical elements, and these can be combined into new products to be sold on the galactic market. Technology is dependent on ... Ever wondered what the Rarest Exotic Ship in No Man's Sky is ? The rarest and hardest to find Exotic ship is this one, a Yellow & Gold "GUPPY" and I will sh...Go to different bodies of water. The big ones like the deeper open water but you don't have to be deep to see them as they are usually in the upper half hunting the other fish. It might also be a crab which is usually found in a shallower water near the shorelines or the coasts of islands. oxysplatter • 3 yr. ago.Sep 30, 2020 · Diplos are extremely hard to come by in No Man’s Sky. The long-necked dinosaur creature is one of the rarest aliens in the game, with a reported encounter chance of only .25%. By Patricia Hernandez @xpatriciah Sep 30, 2020, 12:02pm EDT Image: No Man’s Sky Wiki/Hello Games See this dinosaur-looking thing? That, my friend, is what No Man’s Sky players call a Diplo....Jun 13, 2021 · Ever wondered what the Rarest Exotic Ship in No Man's Sky is ? The rarest and hardest to find Exotic ship is this one, a Yellow & Gold "GUPPY" and I will sh... Found in Xobeurindj galaxy (#42), 820,651LY from galactic center. They should really have an unknown option for if you find something on the station without knowing where the portal is. Game Mode, Biome, Keywords. *Game Mode: Normal, +Biome: Cold, Group F, S-class Exotic, Version: 4.0 Waypoint. Submitted By.10 Rarest Things in No Man's Sky You Can Find or Own | Collectibles, Ships, Cosmetics, Items Kanaju 21.9K subscribers 501K views 1 year ago Deep Space Travel Network:...Jul 30, 2018 · Hyperdrive upgrades. Specifically, you need the Cadmium, Emeril, and Indium Hyperdrives (before the No Man’s Sky Next update, these upgrades were called Warp Reactor Sigma, Tau, and Theta ... Go to different bodies of water. The big ones like the deeper open water but you don't have to be deep to see them as they are usually in the upper half hunting the other fish. It might also be a crab which is usually found in a shallower water near the shorelines or the coasts of islands. oxysplatter • 3 yr. ago.Lyrancat Oct 2, 2021 @ 1:10pm. Finding those rare multi-tools especially "alien" types are a 'hit or miss". Of all the hours I've played this game, I never came across one until recently in a case in the same starter system of Expedition 3. It was a "alien" A class.LIMITED EDITION SOLID BRASS NO MAN'S SKY SPACESHIPS https://topgamez.info/Best S Class starship ship in No Man’s Sky Next TOP10 The rarest and most amazing...In 2020, No Man's Sky finally adds giant sand worms, and we got creator Sean Murray to tell us why they didn't make it into the game, and why they're being added now. In an interview ahead of the ...Have you ever thought to yourself, I wonder what the rarest things you can see in No Mans Sky are? Or what are the rarest star ships or what are rarest and m...Welcome to No Man's Seeds, we host the largest seedbank for No Man's Sky. We currently have 77,025 seeds and are adding more constantly. All seeds are sorted using the VGG16 neural network and Kmeans clustering to to group similar shapes and colors. This should make finding that perfect seed a little easier.The Waypoint 4.0 update to No Man’s Sky expands upon the already vast universe for us to explore, but an important change that may not be immediately noticed is a new source of materials. Rare ...The Utsub’s Magnificent Protector’s stats are +48% damage, +17% shields, and +6% hyperdrive (classic for a fighter). The Utsub’s Magnificent Protector has 38 general slots and 12 technology slots. This is really good for a fighter. This ship is worth 57,500,000 (fifty seven million, five hundred thousand) units..

Popular Topics